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  "assumptions": [
    "PF between 0 and 1 (runtime treats missing/zero PF carefully on quotient)",
    "No voltage/phase required"
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    "PF ∈ (0,1] hard",
    "No voltage/phase required",
    "Shares the scale-quotient helper with kWh→W; contracts are distinct (PF vs time)"
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    "PF (field b) = 0 on Watts→kVA (scale-quotient) yields 0 kVA — soft boundary",
    "Zero watts yields 0 kVA",
    "factor = 0.001 for W→kVA; reverse uses scale-product with factor 1000",
    "Engine does not hard-reject PF outside (0,1]; document PF ∈ (0,1] for physical use"
  ],
  "sources": [
    {
      "title": "IEC 60050 — International Electrotechnical Vocabulary",
      "section": "Apparent power (IEV 131-11-41)",
      "url": "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-41",
      "supports": "kVA is apparent power S; distinct from active power P (W); unit volt-ampere (VA) at 10³ scale",
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      "clause": "IEV 131-11-41"
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    {
      "title": "IEC 60050 — International Electrotechnical Vocabulary",
      "section": "Power factor (IEV 131-11-46)",
      "url": "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-46",
      "supports": "λ = |P| / S; S(kVA) = P(W) / (1000 × λ) and P = S × 1000 × λ",
      "kind": "standard",
      "accessed": "2026-09-05",
      "clause": "IEV 131-11-46"
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    {
      "title": "IEEE Std 1459-2025",
      "section": "Apparent power from real power and power factor",
      "url": "https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/1459/7578/",
      "supports": "S(kVA) = P(W) / (1000 × PF); P = S × 1000 × PF",
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      "publisher": "IEEE",
      "published": "2025-05-16",
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      "title": "BIPM SI Brochure (9th edition, version 4.01)",
      "section": "SI units for watt and volt-ampere",
      "url": "https://www.bipm.org/en/publications/si-brochure",
      "supports": "1 kVA = 1000 VA scaling in W↔kVA conversion",
      "kind": "reference",
      "accessed": "2026-09-05",
      "published": "2026-06",
      "doi": "https://doi.org/10.59161/AUEZ1291"
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    {
      "title": "NIST Guide to the SI (SP 811)",
      "section": "Watt and related power units",
      "url": "https://www.nist.gov/pml/special-publication-811",
      "supports": "1 kVA = 1000 VA scaling in W↔kVA conversion",
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