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  "assumptions": [
    "Independent linear cycle + calendar fade",
    "Default k_cycle=0.0002/cycle and k_cal=0.02/year are illustrative",
    "N should match the cycle definition used to calibrate k_cycle; EFC recommended",
    "Not temperature, SOC, DoD, C-rate, or chemistry aware"
  ],
  "limitations": [
    "Linear independent cycle+calendar fade — not temperature, SOC, DoD, C-rate, or chemistry aware",
    "Default k_cycle=0.0002/cycle and k_cal=0.02/year are illustrative",
    "fade_frac is unclamped exposure and may exceed 1; SOH and capacity_Ah are clamped at 0"
  ],
  "boundary_conditions": [
    "C0≤0 → VALUE_MUST_BE_POSITIVE",
    "N, years, k_cycle, k_cal < 0 → VALUE_MUST_BE_NON_NEGATIVE",
    "Unclamped fade > 1 → SOH=0 and C=0"
  ],
  "sources": [
    {
      "title": "Smith, K.; Neubauer, J.; Wood, E.; Jun, M.; Pesaran, A. — Models for Battery Reliability and Lifetime: Applications in Design and Health Management",
      "section": "NREL/PR-5400-58550",
      "url": "https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy13osti/58550.pdf",
      "supports": "Institutional evidence that battery lifetime models combine cycle and calendar degradation, with coefficients that depend on temperature, DOD, voltage/SOC, and other stress factors — not a single universal linear law. CalculatorX uses a deliberately simplified linear approximation, not the NREL life model. (Distinct from NREL/CP-5400-57746, which has a different author list.)",
      "kind": "reference",
      "accessed": "2026-09-05",
      "publisher": "National Renewable Energy Laboratory",
      "published": "2013"
    },
    {
      "title": "Saldaña, G.; San Martín, J. I.; Zamora, I.; Asensio, F. J.; Oñederra, O.; González-Pérez, M. — Empirical calendar ageing model for electric vehicles and energy storage systems batteries",
      "section": "Calendar fade vs storage time, temperature, and SOC",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2022.105676",
      "supports": "Shows calendar ageing is commonly modeled with a power of time (often near t^1/2) and is strongly sensitive to storage temperature and SOC. Documents why CalculatorX linear-in-years k_cal is an illustrative first-order stand-in, not the complete empirical model.",
      "kind": "reference",
      "accessed": "2026-09-05",
      "publisher": "Journal of Energy Storage",
      "published": "2022",
      "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2022.105676"
    },
    {
      "title": "NREL — Battery lifespan modeling (BLAST / life-model overview)",
      "section": "Calendar and cycle aging, operating windows, and stress factors",
      "url": "https://www.nrel.gov/transportation/battery-lifespan.html",
      "supports": "Public institutional overview that lifetime prediction must consider temperature, operating windows, charge/discharge rates, storage environment, and cycling patterns. Used here to bound the scope of the linear model — not as a coefficient source.",
      "kind": "reference",
      "accessed": "2026-09-05",
      "publisher": "National Renewable Energy Laboratory"
    }
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